This tutorial is very informative for those of you who aren't really familiar with the basics of Illustrator. Bert explains first, why you would want to use Illustrator instead of Photoshop, and then explains how to take an image or piece of artwork and vectorize it.
Vectorizing your graphics will help improve the quality of your content. Task Tutorial helps you out in this Illustrator tutorial by showing you how to take a crappy jpeg image (a logo), clean it up and turn it into a vector graphic.
This is how you can vector an eye in Adobe Illustrator. You will first want to upload your photo to PhotoShop and then increase the contrast to highlight your picture better. Increasing the highlights is not a necessary step however. This is an intermediate process but the end result with be a cartoon looking eye on a real person. If you used this effect for the whole picture it would look very neat like your own cartoon character! If you only subtly vector the eye then you still have an edit...